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⁞ History : Themes In Indian History I

NCERT Books ➤ Class 12 ➤

Class 12 History : Themes In Indian History I Chapter 4. Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE - 600 CE) Summary, Explanation, Question Answers (NCERT Solutions)

Thinkers Beliefs And Buildings (4. Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE - 600 CE)) CBSE class 12 History : Themes In Indian History I Chapter 4. Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE - 600 CE) summary with detailed explanation of the lesson Thinkers Beliefs And Buildings along with meanings of difficult words. Given here is the complete explanation of the lesson, along with summary, explanation and questions and answers of each topic of lesson 4. Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE - 600 CE).

History : Themes In Indian History I (Chapter 4. Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE - 600 CE)) Solution
 Answer In 100-150 Words

1. Were the ideas of the Upanishadic thinkers different from those of the fatalists and materialists? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer :


The ideas of the upanishadic thinkers are not much different from those of the fatalists and materialists. This is brought out by the following argument.

(i) The essence of the philosophy of Jainism was already in existence in India, even before the birth of Lord Mahavir and Vardhaman.

(ii) Ahimsa or non-violence is the most important principle of jainism. But this also from the basis thought of Hindu religion. Thus, there is a lot of similarity between the both streams of religion.

(iii) Upanishad believes and teaches Karma Theory. It means men and women should act and not worry about getting rewards. Fatalists also believed in the idea of work without thinking of the consequences. Thus, there is a lot similarity between the two.

(iv) Both fatalist and materialists believe that human beings are made of fur elements, earth, water, sky, air and fire.

Thus, we are inclined to agree that the idea of the Upanishad thinkers is not much different from that of the fatalists and materialists.


All Questions of History : Themes In Indian History I Chapter 4. Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE - 600 CE)
Answer In 100-150 Words
1. Were the ideas of the Upanishadic thinkers different from those of the fatalists and materialists? Give reasons for your answer.
2. Summarise the central teachings of Jainism.
3. Discuss the role of the begums of Bhopal in preserving the stupa at Sanchi.
4. Read this short inscription and answer:

In the year 33 of the maharaja Huvishka (a Kushana ruler), in the first month of the hot season on the eighth day, a Bodhisatta was set up at Madhuvanaka by the bhikkhuni Dhanavati, the sister’s daughter of the bhikkhuni Buddhamita, who knows the Tipitaka, the female pupil of the bhikkhu Bala, who knows the Tipitaka, together with her father and mother.

(a) How did Dhanavati date her inscription?
(b) Why do you think she installed an image of the Bodhisatta?
(c) Who were the relatives she mentioned?
(d) What Buddhist text did she know?
(e) From whom did she learn this text?
5. Why do you think women and men joined the sangha?

Write a short essay (about 500 words) on the following:
6. To what extent does knowledge of Buddhist literature help in understanding the sculpture at Sanchi?
7. Figs. 4.32 and 4.33 are two scenes from Sanchi. Describe what you see in each of them, focusing on the architecture, plants and animals, and the activities. Identify which one shows a rural scene and which an urban scene, giving reasons for your answer.
8. Discuss the development in sculpture and architecture associated with the rise of Vaishnavism and Shaivism.
9. Discuss how and why stupas were built. Describe the structure of stupa with example.

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