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⁞ Civics : Democratic Politics II

NCERT Books ➤ Class 10 ➤

Class 10 Civics : Democratic Politics II Chapter 8. Challenges to Democracy Summary, Explanation, Question Answers (NCERT Solutions)

Challenges To Democracy (8. Challenges to Democracy) CBSE class 10 Civics : Democratic Politics II Chapter 8. Challenges to Democracy summary with detailed explanation of the lesson Challenges To Democracy along with meanings of difficult words. Given here is the complete explanation of the lesson, along with summary, explanation and questions and answers of each topic of lesson 8. Challenges to Democracy.

Civics : Democratic Politics II (Chapter 8. Challenges to Democracy) Solution
 [Page 103]

Different contexts, different challenges
Each of these cartoons represents a challenge to democracy. Please describe what that challenge is. Also place it in one of the three categories mentioned in the first section. class 10 chapter 8 question 1

Answer :


class 10 chapter 8 question 1


All Questions of Civics : Democratic Politics II Chapter 8. Challenges to Democracy
[Page 103]
Different contexts, different challenges
Each of these cartoons represents a challenge to democracy. Please describe what that challenge is. Also place it in one of the three categories mentioned in the first section. class 10 chapter 8 question 1

[Page 104]
In the following cases and context (as given in the Textbook page 104) give description of the challenges for democracy in that situation.
Case and contextYour description of the challenges for democracy in that situation
Chile : General Pinochet’s government defeated, but military still in control of many institutionsFoundational challenges i.e., Establishing civilian control over all governmental institutions, holding the first multi-party elections, recalling all political leaders from exile.
Poland : After the first success of Solidarity, the government imposed martial law and banned solidarity.
Ghana : Just attained independence, Nkrumah elected president.
Myanmar : Suu Kyi under \ house arrest for more than 15 years, army rulers getting global acceptance.
International Organisations : US as the only super power disregards the UN and takes
Mexico : Second free election after the defeat of PRI in 2000; defeated candidate alleges rigging.
China : Communist Party adopts economic reforms but maintains monopoly over political power.
Pakistan : General Musharraf holds referendum, allegations of fraud in voters’ list.
Iraq : Widespread sectarian violence as the new government fails to establish its authority.
South Africa : Mandela retires from active politics, pressure on his successor Mbeki to withdraw some concessions given to White minority.
US, Guantanamo Bay : UN Secretary General calls this a violation of international law, US refused to respond.
Saudi Arabia : Women not allowed to take part in public activities, no freedom of religion for minorities.
Yugoslavia : Ethnic tension between Serbs and Albanians on the rise in the province of Kosovo. Yugoslavia disintegrated.
Belgium : One round of constitutional change taken place, but the Dutch speakers not satisfied; they want more autonomy.
Sri Lanka : The peace talks between the government and the LTTE break down, renewed violence.
US Civil Rights : Blacks have won equal rights, but are still poor, less educated and marginalised.
Northern Ireland : The civil war has ended but Catholics and Protestants yet to develop trust.

[Page 106]
Different types of challenges :
Now that you have noted down all these challenges, let us group these together into some broad categories. Given below are some spheres or sites of democratic politics. You may place against each of these the specific challenges that you noted for one or more countries or cartoons in the previous section. In ease you find that some challenges do not fit into any of the categories given below, you can create new categories and put some items under that.
Constitutional designNepal
Democratic rights
Working of institutions
Elections
Federalism, decentralisation
Accommodati on of diversity
Political organisations
Globalisation

[Page 107]
Let us group these again, this time by the nature of these challenges as per the classification suggested in the first section. For each of these categories, find at least one example from India as well.
Foundational challenges
Challenge of expansion
Challenge of deepening
Now let us think only about India. Think of all the challenges that democracy faces in contemporary India. List those five that should be addressed first of all. The listing should be in order of priority, i.e., the challenge you find most important or pressing should be mentioned at number 1, and so on. Give one example of that challenge and your reasons for assigning it the priority.
PriorityChallenges to democracyExampleReasons for preference
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

[Page 109]
Here are some challenges that require political reforms. Discuss these chal­lenges in detail, study the reform options offered here and give your preferred solution with reasons. Remember that none of the options offered here is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. You can opt for a mix of more than one option, or come up with something that is not offered here. But you must give your solution’in details and offer reasons for your choice.
Doctors absenteeismPolitical funding
Challenge:
Uttar Pradesh government got a survey done and found out that most of the doctors posted in the rural primary health centres are simply not there. They live in a town, carry out private practice and visit the village where they are posted only once or twice in the entire month. Villagers have to travel to towns and pay very high fee to private doctors even for common ailments.

Reform proposals:
● Tire government should make it compulsory for the doctors to live in the village where they are posted, otherwise their service should be terminated. They should be given some monetary incentives.

● District administration and police should carry out surprise checks to ensure the attendance of the doctors.

● Village panchayat, should be given the power to write the annual report of the doctor which should be read out in the gram sabha meeting.

● Problems like this can be solved only if Uttar Pradesh is split into several smaller states which can be administered more efficiently.		Challenge:
On an average, every candidate who contested the last Lok Sabha elections owned a property of more than ? 1 crore. There is a fear that only wealthy people or those with their support can afford to fight elections. Most of the political parties are dependent on money given by big business houses. The worry is that the role of money in politics will reduce whatever little voice the poor have in our democracy.

Reform proposals:
● The financial accounts of every political party should be made public. These accounts should be examined by government auditors

● There should be state funding of elections. Parties should be given some money by the government to meet their election expenditure.

● Citizens should be encouraged to give more donations to parties and to political workers. Such donations should be exempt from income tax.

[Page 112]
Write your own definition of good democracy and its features.

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