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Question

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
(ii) How did the partition of the country in 1947 affect the jute industry?
(iii) Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
(iv) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.

Accepted Answer

Answer :

(i) Various initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production are:

● Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of Zamindari etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after independence.
● Land Reform was the main focus of our ‘First Five Year Plan’.
● The Green Revolution was based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution were some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture.
● Minimum Support Price policy, provision for crop insurance, subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources such as power and fertilizers, Grameen Banks, Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme are also some of the reforms bought by Indian Government.

(ii) Partition of the country in 1947 affected the jute industry as the jute growing areas were in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and jute mills were in India. India has to import raw jute from Bangladesh to run the jute mills. There has been gradual decline in the jute industry due to the following reasons :

● Decline in demand for jute products.
● Old and outdated machinery.
● High cost of production and stiff international competition from Bangladesh and Brazil.
● Emergence of synthetic substitutes.
● Non-availability of labour.

(iii) The impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture has been felt since colonial times. Raw cotton and spices were important export items from India. In 1917, Indian farmers revolted in Champaran against being forced to grow indigo in place of foodgrains, in order to supply dye to Britain's flourishing textile industry. Thus, globalisation has had its boons and banes for Indian agriculture. Post liberalisation, Indian farmers face new challenges in the form of competition from highly subsidised agriculture of developed nations. This prompts the need for making Indian agriculture successful and profitable by improving the conditions of small and marginal farmers, countering the negative effects of Green Revolution, developing and promoting organic farming, and diversifying cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.

(iv) The geographical conditions required for growth of rice are as follows :

● It is a kharif crop and requires hot and humid climate for cultivation. Temperature above 25°C and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm are favourable for growth of rice.
● Rich alluvial soils of the floodplains and deltaic areas which are renewed every years are ideal for rice cultivation.
● Rice requires abundant rainfall or good water supply through irrigation and flooded fields during the earlier part of its growing season in June-July.
● Plenty of cheap labour as most of the farming involves manual labour.

Class 10 Geography : Contemporary India II Chapter 4. Agriculture Summary, Explanation, Question Answers (NCERT Solutions)

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