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General Science ➤ History ➤ Ancient India
Question 61
Q61.  The Sanskrit drama which describes Chandragupta Maurya's triumph over the Nanda is?
 

Answer :  Mudrarakshasa


The Mudrarakshasa (“Signet Ring of the Rakshasa,the chief minister of the last Nanda king”), a historical play in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta (4th century CE) narrates the ascent of the king Chandragupta Maurya to power in Northern India with the aid of Chanakya, his Guru and chief minister.

The historical basis of the Mudrarakshasa is somewhat supported by the description of this period of history in Classical Hellenistic sources: the violent rule of the Nanda, the usurpation of Chandragupta, the formation of the Maurya Empire.
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Question 62
Q62.  On which of the following systems of Hindu Philosophy, Shankaracharya wrote commentary in 9th century AD?
 

Answer :  Uttarmimansa


Uttar Mimamsa is the Vedanta, one of the most significant of all Indian philosophies. As compared to other systems, its advent and growth is recent. Still it is the most influential orthodox philosophical systems of India.

A number of commentaries were written. Among these the commentaries of Shamkaracharya, Ramnujacharya and Madhavacharya are regarded authentic and are held in very high view. They are regarded as the greatest scholars of Indian philosophy. They are not only the principal commentators of Brahma-Sutra (Vedanta-Sutra) but are also its leading interpreters. Thus, we have three major schools of Vedanta based on the philosophy of the distinguished trio: Advaita(non-dualism) of Shamkaracharya, Vishishtadvaita (qualified non-dualism) of Ramnujacharya and Dvaita(dualism) of Madhvacharya.
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Question 63
Q63.  The Hindu social sacraments such as marriage etc. are performed on the basis of the rituals described in the
 

Answer :  Grihyasutras


The Grihya Sutras are sacred Hindu texts containing information regarding Vedic domestic rites and rituals meant for the householders. The Grihya Sutras as their name suggests deal with domestic rituals such as conception, birth, initiation (upanayanam), marriage, death etc.
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Question 64
Q64.  In Greek texts, who among the following has been mentioned as Amitrochates?
 

Answer :  Bindusara


Bindusara, also called Bindusara Maurya, Greek Amitrochates, (born c. 320 BCE—died 272/3 BCE), second Mauryan emperor, who ascended the throne about 297 BCE. Greek sources refer to him as Amitrochates, Greek for the Sanskrit amitraghata (“destroyer of foes”). The name perhaps reflects his successful campaign in the Deccan. Chandragupta—Bindusara’s father and founder of the Mauryan empire—had already conquered northern India. Bindusara’s campaign stopped close to what is today Karnataka, probably because the territories of the extreme south, such as those of the Cholas, Pandyas, and Cheras, had good relations with the Mauryas. After Bindusara’s death, his sons engaged in a war of succession, from which Ashoka emerged victorious after several years of conflict.
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Question 65
Q65.  Jatakas are the stories of
 

Answer :  Buddha’s previous lives


The Jātaka tales are a voluminous body of literature native to India concerning the previous births of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form. The future Buddha may appear as a king, an outcast, a god, an elephant—but, in whatever form, he exhibits some virtue that the tale thereby inculcates. Often, Jātaka tales include an extensive cast of characters who interact and get into various kinds of trouble - whereupon the Buddha character intervenes to resolve all the problems and bring about a happy ending.
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